Dogs are often called man's best friend, and for good reason.
Their devotion, love and affection for people are amazing and admirable.
This special bond between humans and dogs has been formed over thousands of years and has deep roots in the history, biology and psychology of both species.
The evolutionary history of dogs and humans
The history of friendship between man and dog dates back to ancient times.
According to scientists, the process of domestication of wolves, from which modern dogs originated, began approximately 15-40 thousand years ago. During this time, dogs underwent significant changes, adapting to living conditions near people.
Those animals that understood humans better and interacted with them more willingly had a better chance of survival and procreation.
Genetic changes
Over the course of evolution, dogs have undergone significant genetic changes that have affected their behavior and ability to understand people.
Research shows that dogs, unlike their wild relatives, have increased activity of genes associated with socialization and reduced aggression. These changes make dogs friendlier and more receptive to human emotions.
Social cognitive ability
Dogs have a unique ability to understand human gestures, facial expressions and intonations.
They can follow the direction of human gaze and understand pointing gestures, a skill that even our closest primate relatives do not possess.
This ability allows dogs to communicate effectively with people and respond to their emotional state.
Oxytocin bond
An important role in the formation of dogs' attachment to people is played by the hormone oxytocin, also known as the "love hormone".
Research shows that oxytocin levels increase in both dogs and humans during positive interactions.
This hormone promotes the formation of social bonds and feelings of affection, which explains the deep emotional connection between dogs and their owners.
Mutually beneficial relationship
For thousands of years, humans and dogs have benefited from living together.
Dogs helped people in hunting, guarding homes, herding, and later became irreplaceable companions.
In turn, humans provided dogs with food, shelter, and protection. This mutually beneficial relationship contributed to the development of strong bonds between the species.
Psychological dependence
Dogs are pack animals, and through the process of domestication, humans have taken the place of the pack leader in their social hierarchy.
For dogs, their owner becomes a source of food, protection, and social interaction. This dependence creates a strong emotional bond that many perceive as love.
Ability to empathize
Research shows that dogs have the ability to empathize – they can sense and respond to a person’s emotional state.
This ability allows them to provide emotional support to their owners, which further strengthens the bond between man and dog.
The influence of education
While genetics play an important role in how dogs bond with people, the influence of training cannot be underestimated.
Positive experiences with people, especially at an early age, help develop trusting and loving relationships.
Proper handling, care and attention from the owner enhances the dogs' natural tendency to be affectionate.
